Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics, Part V

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EDITORIAL iii

INFORMATION ABOUT NUSA iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
INTRODUCTION x

MAP OF SOUTHEAST SULAWESI xii

MORONENE NUMBERS, by David Andersen

1 Introduction 1

2 Cardinal numbers 2

2.1 Numeral morphemes 2

2.2 Counting 3

3 Numbers denoting quantity 5

3.1 Quantifiers 5

3.1.1 Cardinal numbers as quantifiers 5

3.1.2 Measure phrases as quantifiers 5

3.1.3 Irrealis quantifiers 7

3.1.4 Nominalized quantifiers 9

3 . 2 Adverbs of quantity 1

3.2.1 Phrase-level quantity adverbs 10

3.2.2 Reduplicated quantity adverbs 1 1

3 . 3 Verbs of quantity 1 3

3.3.1 Stative quantity verbs 1 3

3.3.2 Verbalized measure phrases 14

3.3.3 Reduplicated quantity verbs 1 5

3.3.4 Causative quantity verbs 18

3.3.5 Transitivized quantity verbs 20

3 .4 Negated quantity 2 1

4 Temporal number derivations 22

4. 1 Time measured in days 22

4.1.1 Past and future adverbs 22

4. 1 .2 Modified fiiture adverbs 25

4.1.3 Verbs of duration 27

4. 1 .4 Irrealis duration 28

4.2 Time measured with measure phrases 29

4.2. 1 Measure phrase adverbs 29

4.2.2 Measure phrase verbs 3 1

4.3 Iterative adverbs and verbs 32
4.3.1 Iterative adverbs 3 2

4.3.2 Irrealis and reduplicated iterative adverbs 35

4.3.3 Iterative verbs 36

4.3.4 Causative iterative verbs 37

4.3.5 Compound iterative verbs and adverbs 38

4.3.6 Transitivized iterative verbs 39

5 Distributive number derivations 40

5 . 1 Distributive quantifiers 40

5.1.1 Disyllabic reduplication 40

5.1.2 With ^e- prefix 40

5.1.3 Full reduplication 41

5.2 Distributive adverbs 42

5.2. 1 Distributive quantity adverbs 42

5.2.2 Distributive temporal adverbs 45

5.2.3 Distributive iterative adverbs 46

5.3 Distributive verbs 48

5.3. 1 Reciprocal distributive verbs 48

5.3.2 Intransitive distributive verbs 48

5.3.3 Verbalized distributive adverbs 50

6 Series and ordinal numbers 50

6. 1 Postposed cardinal numbers 50

6.2 Ordinal numbers 51

6.3 Iterative ordinals 52

6.4 Temporal ordinals 54

6.4.1 Temporal adverb bases 54

6.4.2 Measure phrase bases 5^

7 Other derivations 57

7. 1 Adverbs of sameness 57

7.2 Verbs of unity 58

7.2. 1 Based on me 'asa 58

7.2.2 Based on ponoha 59

7.3 Verbs of saying 60

8 Conclusions 61

8 . 1 Summary of derivations 6 1

8.2 Morphologically conditioned allomorphs 63

8 . 3 Comparative questions 66

8.4 Numbers and poetry 69
Abbreviations ^*^
References ^^
Notes ^2

WHEN THE MORONENE SAY NO, by Suree Andersen

1 Introduction 73

2 Standard negation 74

2. 1 Negation of events/states 74
2. 1 . 1 The least marked type of negation 74
2. 1 2 Negation with aspect distinctions and emphasis 75
2. 1 .3 Ellipsis in the negative expression 77

2.2 Negation of identification 78

2.3 Negation of existence 78

2.4 Grammatical class of the negator 79

2.4. 1 Is na- a main verb or auxiliary verb? 79

2.4.2 Is na- an adverb? 79

2.4.3 Is na- a particle? 80

2.4.4 Is na- a derivational affix? 80

3 Other negation constructions 80

3.1 Subordinate clause negator 80

3.1.1 Event/state subordinate clauses 80

3. 1.2 Existential and equative clauses 81

3.1.3 Borderline cases of subordination 82

3.2 Prohibitive mood 83

3.3 Negative fi^equency auxiliary 84

3 . 4 Inherently negative words 8 5

3.4.1 mo'ori 85

3.4.2 pomperamoa-POS 86

3.4.3 Negative intensifier 86

3.5 Frozen negatives 87

4 Reduced negative constructions 88

4. 1 Short clauses or utterances 88

4.2 Negative responses 89

4.3 Juxtaposed negation 91

4.4 Person-neutral negation 92

4.4. 1 Person-neutral negation with sai at constituent
level 93

4.4.2 Person-neutral negation with sai at sentential

level 94

4.4 3 Is there person-neutral negation with nai? 95

5 Scope of negation 96
5. 1 Negation of constituents in general 96

5.1.1 By use of a substitute constituent 97

5. 1 .2 By use of cleft-focus construction 98

viii

5.2 Negation of adverbials 98

5 . 3 Negation of quantity 99

5.3.1 Contrary quantifier 1 00

5.3.2 Negation of quantifier 100

5.4 Fronting 102

5.4.1 Prominent subject 102

5.4.2 Prominent object 102

5.4.3 Prominent time 102

6 Some pragmatic functions of negation 103

6.1 Positive certainty 103

6.1.1 Double negation 1 03

6.1.2 Polarity reversal 1 05

6.2 Saliency 107

7 Summary 107
Abbreviations 1 09
References 110
Notes 1 1 1

ACTIVE, PASSIVE AND ANTIPASSIVE IN BUNGKU-TOLAKI
LANGUAGES, by David Mead

1 Introduction 113

2 Transitive verb bases 1 1 4

3 Passive 115

3 . 1 Passive as nominalization 1 1 6

3.2 Passive in relative clauses and content interrogatives 1 19

3.3 Passive in independent clauses 123

4 Active-direct and antipassive 127

4.1 MoriBawah 128

4.2 Tolaki 129

4.3 Moronene 131

4.4 Kulisusu 134
Abbreviations 138
References 139
Notes 142

STUDIES IN SULAWESI LINGUISTICS

PARTY

Edited by

DAVID MEAD

1999

Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA

Ufliver§itas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Jakarta

NUSA

Linguistic Studies of Indonesian

and Other Languages in Indonesia

Volume 45, 1999

EDITORS

Soenjono Dardjowidjojo, Jakarta

Anton M, Moeliono, Jakarta

Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo, Yogyakarta

Bambang Kaswanti Purwo, Jakarta

John W.M. Verhaar, The Hague, The Netherlands

ASSISTANT EDITOR

Yassir Nasanius
ADDRESS

NUSA

Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya

Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 5 1

Jakarta 12930, Indonesia

Fax:(021)571-9560

E-mail : pkbb@atmajaya.ac.id

All rights reserved

(see also information page iv)

ISSN 0126 -2874